First published in 1959 and reprinted time and again since then, this “classic of decolonization” remains profoundly relevant for understanding the driving forces behind the emancipation movement that led to the Algerian War of Independence. This book grew out of the experience gained in the thick of the struggle, within the FLN. For Frantz Fanon, born in the Caribbean and died as an Algerian (1925–1961), had chosen to live and fight among the colonized like himself in Algeria, the quintessential land of colonialism. A militant text, this work was also the first systematic analysis of the transformation then taking place among the Algerian people engaged in the revolution. This text, among the very first published by Éditions Maspero, offers an insider’s account of the profound changes taking place in Algerian society as it fought for its freedom. These transformations—the political and social maturation—were ignored by the colonizers even though they were, in fact, the very fruits of colonization and humiliation, and they shaped.